Driving up a nearby Vermont mountain pass one day I noticed a new pond being built; adding ponds is a fantastic property improvement as almost everyone loves water and waterfront property. Pulled over, knocked on the door of the house, and got the pond installer’s number.
He sounded great on the horn so we scheduled a site visit to see if my own property could handle a pond. He showed up on time but once he saw the lot which is just over an acre he said that the property was too small. Did I realize just how much dirt would come out of an excavated pond? Where would I put it as otherwise it could be expensive to have one truckload after the other hauled away.
Not even close to being game.
The second pondmeister was too busy to schedule a site visit and only returned one call. Yikes. I know I’m not the only one in Vermont with trouble getting a contractor to call back, not-to-mention reliably show up for work. With Vermont real estate having sailed through the Covid hoop of insane demand, low inventory and lightning fast appreciation, the land market has benefitted and builders have seen a boom in demand leaving Vermont home owners that would like some work done scratching their heads for solutions.
After an initial quest to find someone to dig, it came to me. Why not tackle the ponds myself? I sold a house in Winooski to some clients years ago that had a massive basement that the seller had, are you ready, completely excavated on his own with a shovel and wheelbarrow. No way, right? Risky business.
Am I out of my mind? Clearly.
Nor did I give any thought to the physical wear and tear involved and instead focused on wow, anything is possible.
Bam! I show up at Champlain Valley Equipment in Essex, VT to look into the far fetched notion of buying an excavator to add to my real estate agency mechanicals. Manager Chris Gibson was absolutely amazing, laid back, accommodating and completely tolerant of my ignorance of these big machines. Yes, I'd rented an excavator a couple of years ago for a couple of weeks to grade a road, driveway and do some stone wall, drainage and patio work but I hit the house with the boom a few times. Shallow experience for sure, but enough to be bitten by the power of hyrdaulics bug.
Within a week the Kubota KX-057-5 was in my driveway, bucket with thumb (critical for picking up rocks, etc.) and a spare 48’ grading bucket. Enclosed cabin with Bluetooth for the Smashing Pumpkins, AC for the sizzlers and heat for the snowflakes. Stylin’ and ready for a project way bigger than expected.
There was more to do than just excavate ponds as the lot had been wet and, after losing some fruit trees to damp feet and getting the zero-turn stuck in the muddy grass, drying things out became a priority. Sitting at the bottom of a mountain, snowmelt in the spring created a seasonal stream and damp conditions that would inundate the garden and delay getting the entire lawn cut sometimes for many weeks.
First then: drainage. Started by digging a french ditch along the easter line all the way down to the lot corner, increasingly deep, then along the south boundary to dry out most of the acre. Next, ditching along the town road to install perforated pvc drainage pipe in crushed stone wrapped in landscaping cloth to handle the western line impermeable road run-off. That took days and unearthed so many rocks which fueled new stone walls.
Six days and three blown hydraulic hoses later: three ponds excavated. As I dug and scraped the biggest of the three, soon came the sound of metal scraping rock; reams of ledge dictated where the excavation would stop. Understanding the center of gravity takes a little time and thrice I nearly capsized, an unnerving experience on a 12,000 plus pound piece of metal and glass. Whoa silver! Rattled but not broken, and so much more careful and respectful of the beast. Driver beware.
An early risk was excavating two Asian apple pear trees in June, already bearing fruit, as they were in the path of progress. Amazingly, replanting took and neither fruit tree died, sweet salvation. The apple pears are exquisite.
A huge pre-historic, six foot tall twelve foot wide boulder that also sat in the path of progress wasn’t going to move unless Godzilla showed up so I dug around it, creating what would be a solitary stone island, a little worried it would sink into the pond and displace hundreds of gallons of water in one fell swoop. Still standing, that big honkin' stone is the site of future potential diving platform.
At three elevations with the house looking out over the smallest first pond, 2nd medium and third largest, gravity takes the water cascading. With no spring or stream on the lot but a very high producing 40 gallons per minute well, there was, with a little luck, enough water not just for domestic consumption but also to establish water world. Time would tell.
The inner-pond plumbing would be twin SDR 35 pvc six inch pipes with rotating 90 degree elbows and baskets to rotate and lower the pond level if ever needed. Out of the three pond connections the lower, large pond set leaked like a sieve; not enough dirt bedding placed around and in between the pipes so I had to tear them out and reinstall which stopped that hemorrhaging.
So much ledge, so much stone. Looking into the pond cavities there were so many veins of ledge, I was pretty sure all three ponds would drain faster than I could fill them, even if the soil never had great drainage to start, and the whole project would end in disaster and refilling the signicant craters.
The day when all three ponds were dug and shaped, plumbed and ready to test arrived. Out came the hose and we held our breath for the week or so it took the smallest upper pond to fill. Amazingly, the water held. With the hose turned off, the water quickly became stagnant and within 24 hours major algae blooms. The dragonflies that swopped in were stunning.
The second pond eastern wall leaked fast enough in one section that the wet soil was falling away. Picture massive mudslides and spineless retaining walls. Oh. No.
Even after re-installing the SDR 35 outlet pipes, the largest pond was even worse. A solid half the length of the south berm was streaming water through leading to immediate erosion and collapse of outer berm sections, in spite of repeated compaction efforts with the excavator. That went on for a few weeks until I realized chasing your tail might not be the most productive path and could be never ending.
Advance research can really pay off.
Before tackling this mammoth little summer real estate project, I’d looked into pond sealants, having heard of bentonite which I used as a former ceramic artist, almost always applied before filling a pond in water. Enter TJ Hudson out of Lincoln, Nebraska, a nationally recognized pond expert who, after nearly going bankrupt trying to save his own failing ponds, has dedicated his life to leak abatement science. Wonderfully personable and open, we spent an hour talking and based on all of my preliminary findings, his experience and wholesale dealing of a two part polymer called Seekleak (aka Soilfloc) was the answer.
As per Americansportfish.com: “Polymer is a large molecule, or macromolecule, composed of many repeated subunits. Polyacrylamide, which composes this product, (IUPAC poly (2-propenamide) or poly (1-carbamoylethylene), (abbreviated as PAM), is a polymer (CH2CHCONH2-) formed from acrylamide subunits. It can be synthesized as a simple linear-chain or cross-linked (Acrylamide & Potassium Acrylate).
Is it safe?
Soilfloc is 99% insoluble, non-toxic, biodegradable, environmentally friendly, and USDA approved for use in agriculture. It will not harm plants, marine life, or livestock.”
Brilliantly, it’s possible to do wet applications after building and filling a pond. Though how much you need requires estimating water volume, I ordered just one unit of two 55 pound bags, parts one and two, going with my instincts that as the porosity was limited to certain sections of the berms rather than all around the ponds, a surgical application would ring the bell. Seekleak is evidently better than products like Damit, (another polymer out of Australia). The Seekleak arrived in two days via fedex after shelling out $530 (vs over $700 per unit on some other websites) and nearly $180 for the freight, but what a great gamble and far less expensive than repeated exavator compaction and berm rebuilding forays.
Here is a shot of an application, part one sprinkled over the water followed by part two. It’s the pull of a leak that draws the polymer into the fissures, expanding and creating an effective seal over a few days. It’s slimy once combined; the pond floor and walls will feel gooey for a while, a minor compromise given the water proofing. My first application went a long way to slowing the bleeding and the berms, after a second targeted dusting, showed no more significant porosity.
The big pond finally filled completely and the outlet pipe overflows started working as they should, music to my ears as I could finish building up the outer pond walls, compaction work and seed the pond perimeter with grass for structural reinforcement.
Still flush in stone, I installed check dams through the drainage ditch to slow water & filter silt. Then armed the drainage ditch curve with large stones and the largest pond outlet pipes flow landing with stones to offset erosion.
Ample surplus stone formed the patio by the big pond and a landing for the aeration system soon to arrive.
More ditching to bury the weighted aeration system air hoses and underground Southwire 10/3 gauge from the house all the way down to the largest pond to power the aeration compressor, overhead lights and electrical outlets.
The Rotary vane compressor aeration system from EasyPro via Amazon to save on shipping would make noise (less than a piston compressor). Aeration systems are wonderful for pond health and preventing algae, even if a aquatic plant ecosystem is the best natural filtration system.
Research into decibel reduction and sound proofing led me to the fantastic Zombie Box which would enclose the compressor box (already packed with sound insulation) so that the only sound one would hear would be the Zombie Box fan and not the high pitch whining of the rotary vane compressor. What a difference intel makes.
A killer silencer it is all the way from Arizona that they call the "Peacemaker" to placate otherwise not-so-silent-night neighbors.
Finally, the landscaping finish work. After digging up nearly the entire property, there was stone and gravel strewn everywhere. The most labor-intensive part of the whole project was gathering the stones by hand and rake. Many nights with a sore back, fingers, hands, and elbows.
It was so slow I ordered a mini York rake on Amazon, a time and body saving investment. By connecting it to a 2” adapter hitch, my riding lawnmower pulled it, doing a primary raking in no time that made successive hand raking far easier. Still, a monumental task to hand rake and collect small and medium stones across nearly an acre before re-seeding the torn up land. There were hundreds of glass fragments that came to the surface too, all hand picked to stave off blown tractor tires and bleeding feet. Just one exploded tire in spite of the booby traps.Vigilance and focus.
By the time I finished the last day of August, I was pretty happy it wouldn’t drag on forever.
After the well company Manosh came in to install the pond water line from the house to the upper pond exiting over a small cascading rock fall, the connection made so much noise in the basement you could hear it throughout the house.
Turns out the flow restrictor was the culprit and, after some trial and error, we realized the only way to silence that intense disruption was to bury the flow restrictor underground part way to the pond and get it out of the basement altogether. The excavator came in clutch as I dug up the line ever so gently to avoid clipping it or, more importantly, the buried electrical wire which had already gone in. If you have a stream you can tap into instead of using a high producing well, all the better.
The last frontier: water chemistry.
Here on the mountain there is a lot of iron. Ferrous (vs ferric) iron that materializes with oxidation. While the water is clear coming out of the tap or hose, once exposed to oxygen, here comes the rust. The top pond is an intense rust orange color which, no surprise, is tumbling into the middle pond. There is no easy fix for this well water conundrum, but the compromise solution first envisioned was to connect the well water line, which runs out of the house to the top pond, to the pre-existing house water filtration system. To avoid overloading the filtration system or have to pump many hundreds of dollars of salt bags into the salt filtration tank, fine tuning the volume of water that goes out to the ponds is the trick via both a timer (thank you Manosh, the wonderful well drilling and water company out of Morrisville, VT) and a ball joint handle to turn down the water volume. Otherwise re-bedding the water filtration media would be required much more frequently as it’s not designed for 24/7 volume. Balancing practicality and long term maintenance is the trick. After extensive research this week and calls with a couple of water purification companies, another more appealing solution: a single, 2.5 cubic ft 13"x 54" media tank of manganese called Terminox that repeatedly backwashes the media, requires no more electricity than an alarm clock, shouldn't require any significant maintenance, may not need rebedding for years, can handle up to 20 parts per million of iron and is free of hazmat chemicals (e.g. auxiliary potassium pergamanate tanks used with some of the green sand filtrations tanks). That goes online in October It will be great to see how well that baby works and how much residual ferrous iron remains in the upper two ponds or if it eventually cycles out. For now we have a beautiful red rocks waterfall and a tri-color set of water bodies, a colorful show competing with the red and orange maple leaf fall foliage.
It's been an amazing summer, with all the work completed solo in a blazing three months. The swimming is divine, aeration system perfect, a first mallards' visit, frogs loving it after moving in quicker than a whip and the solar pond lighting a sight to behold.
Another suprise, discovering that not just ducks love ponds; here's the footprint of a black bear that cruised around the water one moonlit night.
Next summer, aquatic plants including lillies and lotus.
Three pond books if you're thinking about digging: Building Natural Ponds by Robert Pavlis, How to Build a Farm Pond, Step by Step by Darrell Rhoades and How to Build Ponds and Waterfalls by Jeffrey Reid.
If you have any questions on this real estate endeavor, would like to list your own home for sale or consider purchasing property anywhere in Vermont, let's connect via text or phone at 802-793-1515 or via email @ claytonpaul@maplesweet.com
Thank you so much for reading and a speciaal thank you to engineer Rob Townsend of the American Survey Company for his expertise and counsel, Ruth Robbins, the town zoning administrator for her permitting guidance and Andy Bombard and Chris Kathan of the town road crew who kept a close eye on things..
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